Membuat Django App dan Model

Pada modul ini kita akan mulai membuat django app dan model untuk menyimpan data articles.

Masuk ke direktotri project (pada project adalah djangoAPI), lalu jalankan perintah berikut untuk membuat app, pada tutorial digunakan nama app backend.

$ python manage.py startapp backend

Kemudian buka file backend/models.py, buat model Article menggunakan code berikut:

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.

class Article (models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    description = models.TextField()
    slug = models.SlugField(max_length=200)
    published = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
    
    def __str__(self):
        return self.title

Kemudian buka file djangoAPI/settings.py, tambahkan backend pada variable INSTALLED_APPS.

"""
Django settings for djangoAPI project.

Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 4.2.3.

For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.2/topics/settings/

For the full list of settings and their values, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.2/ref/settings/
"""

from pathlib import Path

# Build paths inside the project like this: BASE_DIR / 'subdir'.
BASE_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent


# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.2/howto/deployment/checklist/

# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = 'django-insecure-**r$fu9jcmqjd0mz6zoo1jxfu@du1lud4pb5mcu)4n#$bmwuuu'

# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True

ALLOWED_HOSTS = []


# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'rest_framework',
    'backend'
]

MIDDLEWARE = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]

ROOT_URLCONF = 'djangoAPI.urls'

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [],
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]

WSGI_APPLICATION = 'djangoAPI.wsgi.application'


# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.2/ref/settings/#databases

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
        'NAME': BASE_DIR / 'db.sqlite3',
    }
}


# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.2/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators

AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
    },
]


# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.2/topics/i18n/

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'

TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'

USE_I18N = True

USE_TZ = True


# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.2/howto/static-files/

STATIC_URL = 'static/'

# Default primary key field type
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.2/ref/settings/#default-auto-field

DEFAULT_AUTO_FIELD = 'django.db.models.BigAutoField'

Kemudian pada terminal, jalankan perintah makemigrations.

$ python manage.py makemigrations

Akan menampilkan log seperti berikut:

Migrations for 'backend':
  backend\migrations\0001_initial.py
    - Create model Article

Selanjutnya lakukan migrate untuk membuat model kedalam database

$ python manage.py migrate 

Akan mengembalikan log seperti berikut:

Operations to perform:
  Apply all migrations: admin, auth, backend, contenttypes, sessions
Running migrations:
  Applying backend.0001_initial... OK

Sampai disini kita sudah membuat app dan model. Pada modul selanjutnya kita akan membuat admin superuser yang akan digunakan pada tutorial modul authentication.